Guide · Chip & Dan Heath, Made to Stick~7 min read
You've used Claude enough to be a little let down by it. The first answer is okay, you nudge it twice, it gets there — and tomorrow you start the whole dance over. The gap between a casual user and someone who gets real leverage out of Claude isn't a secret prompt. It's one idea the Heath brothers named in a book about why some ideas stick: the curse of knowledge. You know things Claude can't see, and you keep forgetting to tell it. This guide turns that fix into a repeatable workflow — give Claude a role, the context only you hold, an example, and a fixed output shape, then save the whole thing so tomorrow you don't start from scratch.
Difficulty · IntermediateTime · ~20 minPrereq · a few sessions with Claude + a recurring task
Before you start
You've had a few sessions with Claude (any door) and know the basics. If not, do the beginner guide first — this one builds on it.
Pick a task you do more than once: a weekly report, code reviews, drafting the same kind of reply, summarizing the same kind of document. Reusable beats one-off here.
Have somewhere to keep a prompt — a claude.ai Project, a notes file, or a system string in your code. We're going to build something worth saving.
Name the curse: Claude only knows what you tell it
The Heath brothers tell of an experiment where one person taps out a famous song and another tries to name it. The tappers, hearing the melody in their heads, are sure it's obvious; the listeners get only knocks, and almost never guess. Once you know something, you can't un-know it, and you forget the other side hears just taps. That is exactly your relationship with Claude. It can't see your files, your team's conventions, last week's chat, or the "obviously" you never said out loud. Most disappointing answers are you tapping a rhythm and expecting a tune. The whole intermediate leap is making the implicit explicit — and once you see it, you can't stop seeing it in your own prompts.
A quick test
Would a competent stranger with zero context produce what you want from your prompt alone? If not, the gap they'd have is the same gap Claude has. Fill it on purpose.
Give it a role and standing rules (Simple)
Heath's first principle is Simple: find the core, lead with it. The core of every session is the same handful of facts — who Claude is acting as, who the work is for, and the lines it must not cross. Say them once. On claude.ai, put them in a Project's instructions, or account-wide under Settings → Instructions for Claude, so they ride every chat without retyping. In the API, that's the system parameter:
import anthropic
client = anthropic.Anthropic()
resp = client.messages.create(
model="claude-opus-4-8",
max_tokens=1024,
system="You are an editor for a developer blog. Audience: busy engineers. "
"Be concise, prefer examples over adjectives, never invent facts.",
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Tighten this paragraph: ..."}],
)
Hand over the context and one worked example (Concrete + Credible)
This is the biggest lever, and it covers two of Heath's principles at once. Concrete: paste the actual document, data, or code — not a description of it. Vague in, vague out. Credible: show one or two examples of an input and the exact output you wanted from it. This is what people mean by "few-shot," and a single good example teaches more than a paragraph of adjectives. On claude.ai, a Project's knowledge base lets you upload the reference files once — a style guide, a schema, past good work — and every chat in that project can draw on them.
Try this
If you can't put into words what "good" looks like, paste a past result you were happy with and say "match this format and tone." Showing beats describing, every time.
Pin the output shape (Concrete)
Don't accept a wall of prose when you needed a table. State the exact shape: "a Markdown table with columns Theme / Count / Severity," "three bullets, each under fifteen words," "valid JSON with these fields." A fixed shape makes the result usable and lets you compare runs side by side. In the API, structured outputs make it a guarantee rather than a request — you hand Claude a JSON schema and the reply conforms to it:
Break a big ask into a chain, not one giant prompt (Simple, again)
"Write me a market analysis" is a tap. Decompose it: ask for an outline first, approve it, then fill one section at a time, then have Claude critique its own draft, then revise. Each step is small, checkable, and steerable, and you catch a wrong turn at step two instead of buried on page three. Asking for the plan before the work is the cheapest insurance there is — a thirty-second outline tells you whether Claude understood the job before it spends a thousand words proving it didn't.
Save it as a template, then change one thing at a time
The difference between a trick and a workflow is that you keep it. The moment a prompt works, save it: a claude.ai Project you reopen, a Skill (the 2026 way to package reusable instructions so Claude remembers your rules across chats), a CLAUDE.md for Claude Code, or a stored system string in your app. Then improve it like an experiment, not a rewrite.
Common mistake
When one part of a prompt underperforms, people rewrite the whole thing — and then can't tell what helped. Change a single instruction, re-run, compare. One variable at a time is the only way to actually learn what your prompt needs.
Here's the whole thing on one recurring task. Say you summarize customer feedback every Monday. You make a claude.ai Project with instructions — "you triage support tickets for a product team; always flag anything about billing" — and upload two things to its knowledge base: the team's tone guide, and last week's summary that everyone liked, as the example to match. Each Monday you paste the new tickets and ask for the fixed shape: a table of theme, count, severity, and one sample quote. It lands on the first try, because the role, the context, the example, and the format are already there — you stopped tapping. When billing complaints spike and you want them pulled to the top, you change one instruction, not the whole prompt. Five minutes, repeatable, and tomorrow you don't start over.
A bare one-line prompt makes Claude guess at everything you didn't say, and the output stays vague no matter how often you nudge it. Stacking the context it can't see — a role, your real files, one worked example, a fixed output format, and a decomposed task — turns the same request into a reliable result you can save and reuse. Framework: Chip & Dan Heath, Made to Stick (the curse of knowledge). An independent guide, not official Anthropic material.
Check your work
Did you make explicit the things Claude couldn't see — your files, conventions, audience?
Does Claude have a role and a few standing rules, set once rather than retyped?
Did you give it the real material and at least one example of the output you want?
Did you state the exact output format instead of hoping?
For the big ask, did you get a plan or outline before the full answer?
Did you save the working prompt somewhere you can reopen and tweak?
The one line to keep
Going from casual to capable isn't a magic prompt — it's telling Claude the things you forgot it can't see, then saving that the moment it works.
你用 Claude 已经用到有点失望了。第一版还行,你戳它两下,它到位了——然后明天又从头跳一遍这支舞。普通用户和真正能从 Claude 身上撬出杠杆的人,差的不是一句秘密提示词,而是希思兄弟在一本讲"为什么有些观点能粘住"的书里点破的一个念头:知识的诅咒。你知道一些 Claude 看不见的事,却老忘了告诉它。这篇就把这个修法做成一套能重复跑的工作流——给 Claude 一个角色、一份只有你握着的上下文、一个示例、一个钉死的输出形状,然后把整套存下来,明天不必从零再来。
难度 · 进阶时长 · 约20分钟前置 · 用过几次 Claude + 一件反复出现的任务
开始之前
你跟 Claude 有过几次对话(任意入口)、懂基本操作。要是还没,先看入门那篇——这篇是接着它讲的。
备一个存提示词的地方——一个 claude.ai 项目(Project)、一个笔记文件、或代码里的一段 system 串。我们要做出一个值得存下来的东西。
先点破诅咒:Claude 只知道你告诉它的
希思兄弟讲过一个实验:一个人用手敲出一首名曲的节奏,另一个人猜是什么歌。敲的人脑子里放着旋律,笃定这还不明显;听的人只听到一串敲击,几乎从来猜不中。人一旦知道了一件事,就再也装不回不知道,于是忘了对面只听得到敲击声。你和 Claude 的关系正是如此。它看不见你的文件、你团队的惯例、上周那场对话、那句你从没说出口的"这还用说"。大多数让你失望的答案,都是你在敲节奏,却指望对面听出曲子。整个进阶的跃迁,就是把隐含的东西显式说出来——而一旦你看见这一点,就再也无法在自己的提示词里对它视而不见。
一个快速自测
光凭你这句提示词,一个零背景但能干的陌生人,做得出你要的东西吗?做不出的话,他缺的那块,正是 Claude 缺的那块。把它有意补上。
给它一个角色和几条常驻规则(简单)
希思的第一条原则是简单:找到核心,把它放在最前。每次对话的核心,其实都是同样那几条——Claude 扮演谁、这活儿给谁看、哪些线不能碰。说一次就够。在 claude.ai 里,把它们放进项目(Project)的指令,或账户级的设置 → Instructions for Claude,这样每次对话都自动带着,不用重打。在 API 里,这就是 system 参数:
"给我写个市场分析"就是一记敲击。拆开它:先要一个提纲、点头通过,再一段一段填,再让 Claude 挑自己草稿的毛病,再修。每一步都小、可检查、可纠偏,你在第二步就抓住跑偏,而不是埋到第三页才发现。在动手前先要那份计划,是最便宜的保险——一份三十秒的提纲,就能告诉你 Claude 到底听懂没有,省得它花一千字来证明它没听懂。
把它存成模板,然后一次只改一个变量
一个技巧和一套工作流的差别,就在于你把它留住了。提示词一旦跑通,立刻存下来:一个你能再打开的 claude.ai 项目、一个 Skill(2026 年打包可复用指令的方式,让 Claude 跨对话记住你的规矩)、给 Claude Code 用的一份 CLAUDE.md、或你应用里存好的一段 system 串。然后像做实验那样改它,而不是推倒重写。
一句话的光秃提示词,让 Claude 去猜你没说的一切,于是你戳它再多遍,结果还是模糊。把它看不见的上下文叠上去——一个角色、你的真实文件、一个做好的范例、一个固定的输出格式、一个拆开的任务——同样的请求就变成一个你能存下来、反复用的可靠结果。框架:希思兄弟《粘住》(知识的诅咒)。本图为独立教程,非 Anthropic 官方材料。
あなたはもう Claude を、少しがっかりする程度には使い込んでいる。最初の答えはまあまあ、二度つつけば形になる——そして翌日、また同じ踊りを最初から踊る。ふつうの利用者と、Claude から本当にてこの力を引き出す人との差は、秘密のプロンプト一つではない。ヒース兄弟が「なぜあるアイデアは記憶に残るのか」を論じた本で名づけた、ひとつの考えだ。知識の呪い。あなたは Claude に見えないことを知っていて、それを伝え忘れ続ける。このガイドは、その手当てを繰り返し回せるワークフローに変える——Claude に役割を、あなただけが握る文脈を、一つの例を、固定した出力の形を渡し、それを丸ごと保存して、翌日ゼロから始めずに済むようにする。
難易度 · 中級所要 · 約20分前提 · Claude を数回使った経験 + 繰り返す用事
始める前に
Claude と何度か対話し(どの扉でも)、基本はわかっている。まだなら入門ガイドを先に——これはその続きだ。
プロンプトを置く場所を用意する——claude.ai のプロジェクト、メモのファイル、あるいはコード内の system 文字列。保存する価値のあるものを作る。
呪いに名前をつける:Claude はあなたが伝えたことしか知らない
ヒース兄弟が、ある実験を紹介している。一人が有名な曲のリズムを指で叩き、もう一人が曲名を当てる。叩く側は頭の中で旋律が鳴っているので「明らかだ」と確信する。聞く側に届くのはただの打音で、ほとんど当たらない。人は何かを知ってしまうと、知らない状態にはもう戻れず、相手には打音しか届いていないことを忘れる。あなたと Claude の関係がまさにそれだ。Claude には、あなたのファイルも、チームの慣行も、先週の対話も、口に出さなかった「言うまでもなく」も見えない。がっかりする答えのほとんどは、あなたがリズムを叩いて、相手に旋律を期待した結果だ。中級への跳躍とは、暗黙のものを明示することに尽きる——そして一度それが見えると、自分のプロンプトの中でそれを見ないふりはできなくなる。
ヒースの第一原則は「単純」だ。核を見つけ、それを先頭に置く。どの対話でも核は同じ数項目に尽きる——Claude が誰として振る舞うか、その仕事は誰のためか、越えてはならない線はどこか。一度だけ言えばいい。claude.ai ならプロジェクトの指示、または設定 → Instructions for Claude(アカウント全体)に置けば、打ち直さずとも毎回の対話に乗る。API ではそれが system パラメータだ:
「市場分析を書いて」は一打の打音だ。割っていく。まず構成を出させて承認し、次に一節ずつ埋め、次に Claude に自分の下書きを批評させ、そして直す。各ステップは小さく、確認でき、舵を切れる。三ページ目に埋もれてからではなく、二ステップ目で道の逸れを捕まえられる。着手前に計画を求めるのは、最も安い保険だ——三十秒の構成案が、Claude が仕事を理解したかを先に教えてくれる。理解していないことを千語かけて証明される前に。
テンプレートとして保存し、一度に一つだけ変える
小技とワークフローの違いは、それを手元に残したかどうかだ。プロンプトがうまくいった瞬間に保存する:開き直せる claude.ai のプロジェクト、Skill(2026 年の、再利用できる指示の梱包法。Claude が対話をまたいであなたのルールを覚える)、Claude Code 用の CLAUDE.md、あるいはアプリに保存した system 文字列。そして書き直しではなく、実験のように改善する。
一行の素のプロンプトは、あなたが言わなかったすべてを Claude に推測させ、何度つついても出力は曖昧なままだ。見えない文脈——役割、実物のファイル、作り込んだ一例、固定の出力形式、分解した課題——を積むと、同じ依頼が、保存して再利用できる信頼性の高い結果に変わる。枠組み:ヒース兄弟『アイデアのちから』(知識の呪い)。独立したガイドであり、Anthropic 公式の資料ではない。